The study “Public Investment Companies for the Efficient Financing of Infrastructure and Public Services” demonstrates how the state can efficiently finance infrastructure investments through public-public partnerships (PPPs). These models reduce financing costs, are debt-brake-neutral as they are classified as “financial transactions”, and prevent macroeconomic losses that would arise from private investment. According to the analysis, the use of private funds for the expansion of the electricity grid would result in welfare losses of around 220 billion euros.